Which type of motor typically cannot operate on both AC and DC?

The induction motor is typically designed to operate on alternating current (AC) only, and it cannot operate on direct current (DC). This limitation arises from the fundamental operational principles of induction motors, where the rotor is induced to spin by the magnetic field generated by the AC supply.

When AC voltage is applied, the alternating current creates a rotating magnetic field in the stator, which induces a current in the rotor, allowing it to turn. However, if you were to apply DC voltage to an induction motor, there would be no rotating magnetic field generated, which would prevent the rotor from turning and could even lead to damage of the motor windings due to overheating.

In contrast, other types of motors listed, like the universal motor and DC motor, are designed to work efficiently with both forms of electrical supply. Shaded pole motors operate on AC but can also have some utility in specific applications with DC. Therefore, the induction motor stands out as the motor type that is exclusively compatible with AC operation.