Which of the following best describes how electrical energy flows in an electric circuit?

The correct answer highlights the fundamental principle of how electrical energy moves in a circuit, namely, from a point of higher voltage (or electric potential) to a point of lower voltage. This flow creates a difference in potential energy that allows electrons to move through the circuit, enabling electrical devices to function.

When electrical energy is supplied, such as from a battery or generator, it establishes a potential difference in the circuit. The electrons, which are negatively charged, are repelled from the negative terminal (higher potential) and attracted towards the positive terminal (lower potential), leading to the continuous flow of electric current.

The other choices do not accurately capture the behavior of electrical energy in a circuit. While a circuit can involve circular loops, energy does not flow in a circular fashion by definition but rather as a current driven by voltage differences. Pulses may occur in certain types of circuits, especially in digital systems, but this is not representative of the standard flow of electrical energy in a typical circuit. Lastly, the concept of moving from low to high voltage contradicts the underlying principles of how voltage potential impacts electron flow, as that would require external work to be done against the natural flow direction.