What is the main function of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

The primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit is to change voltage levels. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage in an alternating current (AC) system. This capability is essential in power distribution systems, where electricity generated at high voltages is often transmitted over long distances to reduce energy loss. Once closer to consumption points, the voltage is decreased to safer levels for use in homes and businesses.

The ability to change voltage levels not only helps in efficiently transmitting electricity but also facilitates compatibility with a wide range of electrical devices, allowing safe and effective operation within their voltage specifications.